Upright-chamber oven.



A.- GOHMNN. UERIGHT CHAMBER OVEN.

l APPLIUATIH FILED NOV. 16, XM2.

.Patented 15, lQS.

2 SHEETS-811213311,

A. GOHMANN.

UPRIGHT CHAMBER OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED Nov.1e,1912,

Patented Apr. 15, 1913 2 {MEETS-SHEET 2.

blo@

' entre Arana* onirica.

ARTHUR GOHMANN, l` STETTIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR T STETTINER CHAMO'TE- ``.l'1`.l.BR]K ACTTLEN-GESELLSCHAFT VORM. DIDIER., 0F STETTI'N, GERMANY,

PURA'IIN 0F GERMANY.

A COR- UPRIGHT- CHAMBER OVEN.

' to the increase ot the ovenchambers in height and n'idth, so that in. practice, as 'a rule, turther increase et the chamber capacity is 'possible only by increasing the length ot the clnunhers in a horizontal direction. -ilfhen employing upright chambers of great length. heating by ineens ot horizontal tlues through which the combustion products travel*constartly in the same direction, presents considerable diiticulties, in View of the n'iatcrial decrease ot the temperature o tjthe coi'nbustftonproducts in the heating fines, from the `fuel and air inlets to the ott-gas outlets. This unfavorable temperature condition has hereto-tore precluded a uniform heating ot' the oven chambers. Even when the advantages ol" having the combustion -products travel constantly in the same direction are sacrificed, the operation being conducted with ay periodical reversal ot the direction in which the combustion products lion through the heating tlues. the material fall of ten'iperatnre occurring in long l1orizontal heating tlnes ot upright ovens can only be reduced but not avoided entirely. Again, when operating with al reversal of .tlaine direction as above referred to, the regulating slides or dampers provided atboth ends ot the heating tlues, serve during one period of oi'ieratinn for regulating the adn'iission of' air, and during the other period for regulatii'ig the escape of the ottn gases and the chimney draft. Since, however, the quantity of air admitted to the heating fines differs trono. the amount ot oft-gases esf'apmg troni the said tlues, it is dillicnlt to operate the slides or dampers in such a manner as to secure a uniform heatingv el'fcct.

The object olf my present invention is' to provide a et-nstrnf tion ot ovens having upright chambers and horizontal heating tlues Speccation of Letters Patent.

application led November 16, 1912.

Patented Apr. 15, 31.913.

sel-iai no. 731,714.

through which the combustion products travel always in the same direction, Which" Will enable the oven chambers to be heated uniformly. For this purpose, t-he superposed 'horizontal or longitudinal heating tlues are made to taper alternately in opposite directions, air and fuel beine admitted at the Wider end, While the oFF-gases are caused to leave at. the narrowerend. With this arrangement, the velocity of the combustion products is leastat the admission end of each heating flue, and increases toward the outlet, such increase being either radual or ste `Twise accordin to the nature ofthe taper or contraction ot the said lues. It will be evident that the amount of heat given ott hy the combustion products to a certain unit. of surface, per unit of time, increases Wit-h the increased velocity of the current. of combustion gases, and in this way lr secure an effect compensating for the loss of temperature the said gases Sutter on their way to theontlets of the heating lues, and am enabled to secure a practicallyuniform heating of those parts of the heating walls which lie between the heating fines and the gasiying chambers.

Owing to the alternating arrangement of heating lues tapering, or reduced in cross section, in opposite directions, the Wide end of one heating `Hue will be located between the narrow ends of the tivo adjacent tlues,

lthe, cross section of said two adjacent flues decreasing in the same direct-ion. Thus a practically uniform heating efl'ect is oh tained on the entire surface of the heating wall, that is to say, on that portion of such surface which faces one or the other oven chamber. f

A typical example 'of a chamber oven embodying my invention is shown. in the accompanying drawing, in which- Figure lis a vertical section of the oven on line A`B ot' Fig. 2; Fig?? 1s a horizontal section, the upper portion of saidigure being taken on line C-D of Figjl, and the lower portion on line E-F ol Fig. l; and Fig. 5% is a vertical sect-ion on planes at right angles to that of Fig. l, the left-hand portion of 3 being taken on line G-H ot Fig. 2, the central portion on line l-K, and the right-hand portion` on line L-.M of Fig. 2. f ,Y

The chamber oven shown in the draw'- ings is provided with vertical or upright 'gasifying chambers 1. ln the heatin walls 2 which are interposed between a jacent chambers 1, I arrange super )osed horizon tal or longitudinal heating ues 3, 4. As will be seen in Figs. 2 and 3, each heating wall 2 has two sets of heating tlues, each set adjacent to one of the lon er sides ofa gasifying chamber 1, these c ambers being rect-an lar in cross section, 'with the length pre erably exceeding the width considerably. In each'set of heating iiues 3 and 4, the fluesare tapered or decrewe in cross section alternately in opposite direc tions. Thus, as` shown iii Fig. 1, the lower most heating flue may be a flue whose crosssectional area diminishes from rightto left,

and immediately above this there is a heating flue 8 Whose cross-sectional area diminishes from left to right, that is to say, the fines 3 contracted toward the right alternate with the f tlues 4 contracted toward the left. Various shapes of contracted tlues may be employed, but in the exampleshown the contraction takes place stepwise, so that each iiue comprises four portions t approximately equal length, but of iierent or graduated cross section, the narrowest porltion being atone end of the flue and the widest port-ion at the other end of the flue and of the oven.

In the endwalls 5, 6 of the oven I arrange adjacent to the short sides of the chambers 1, air-distributing channels, 7, 8 and odgas channels i9, 10, lregulatable by means of slides or dampers 11. The air-distributing channels 7 and 8 located at opposite ends of thev oven, are connected by short branch `ducts- 12 and 13 respectively with the wide ends of the heating iiues 3 and 4 respectively which are contracted toward the other end of 'the oven. The quantity of air supplied to the heating fiucs may be regulated y means of slides 14 disposed in the branch ducts 12, 13. The olf-gas channels 9, 10 arranged at each end of the oven are connected by short branch ducts 15 and 16 rc* spectively with the narrow ends of the heat-- ing flues 4, 3 respectively. .In these ducts I provide slides 17 for the purpose ofregulating the amount of oit-gases escaping from the heating lues, and the chimney draft. The adjustment of the slides 14, 17 may be effected from the outside through suitable, normally closedchannels (not shown in the drawings).

At the wide ends of' the heating fiues 3, 4 are also provided connections for fuel-supply pipes or gas-supply pipes 18, 1S) provided with shut-oil' valves 20 and 21 respectively. These fuel supply' pipes are branched oi from upright feed pipes 24, 25 provided with shut-ott cocks 22, 2? respectively and connected with the gas mains 26, 27 respectively.

The air-distributing channels 7 and the mesma tively. The chamber 28 may be connected with either one of two regenerators 8G, 37 through passages 3 4, and similarly, passages 33 are provided to connect the chamber 30 with one or the other of said regenerators. A slide or damper 32, susceptible of being' operated from the outside or from a tunnel, as shown, is so constructed as to close the channel 34 leading from the regcnerator 37 to the chamber 28 at the time'the channel 33 leading from the same rcgenel'ator to the chamber 30 'is open, and vice versa. That is to say, in one position (shown in Fig. 1), the chamber 28 will be in conimunication with the regencrator 36, which then supplies heated air, and at the same time the chamber 30 will be in communication with the regenerator 37, which then rcceives hot off-gas from said chamber. Upon reversing the position of the slide 32, the oit-gases will pass from the chamber 3G' to the regenerator 36, while at the same time heated air will be supplied from the regenerator 37 to the chamber 28. A similar arrangement is provided at the opposite end of the oven, Where two channels t0 lead from the air-supply chamber 29 to the regenerators 42 and 43 respectively, while channels 41 are adapted to connect the off-l gas collecting chamber 31 alternately with the said regenerators 42 and 48, according to the position of the reversing-valve 38. By operating the slides or valves 32, 38 in the well-known manner, oii`-gases and air for supportingcombustion will be caused to travel alternately in opposite directions through each ot the four regenerators, but this reversal will not ati'cct the direction of How in the heating lines 3, L and in the air supply chambers 28 and 29, or in the olf-gas collecting chambers 30 and 3l, in which iues and chambers the direction of liow is always the same.

` The oven described above is operated as follows: At the let'tlhand end of the oven (Figs. 1 and 2l the air for supporting combustion iows constantly in the same direction through the channels 7 into the wide left-hand ends of the heating llues 3. At the same end, fuel (gas) is introduced into said 'lucs through the pipes 18. The combustion products travel through the heating iiues 3 always in the same direction, from left to right, and pass oii`, always in the same direction, through the ofi-gaschanncls l0 at the right-hand end of the oven. On aq,- count of the absorption ot' heat by the walls 2, the temperature of the combustion gases` decreases as they travel through the lines 3,

but the linear or current velocity of the combustion gases increases owing to the reduction of the cross-sectional area as theoutlets of the flues are approached. It will be obvious that as the current velocity is increased, the combustion gases will give oil a greater amount of heat lto the heating walls 2 per unit of time and of fine surface; it follows that the increase in current velocity will compensate for the decrease of temperature in the heating flues .3, thus securing a practically uniform heating effect at all points of the said heat-ing lues. Substantially the same action takes place-inthe flues 4, except that in these the temperature decreases, and the current velocity increases, from right to left, instead of from left to right. Air for supporting combustion flows I constantly in the same direction through the i surface of each heating wall which faces `area toward their outlets.

channels 8 located at the right-hand end of the oven and is supplied to the wide right-hand ends of the heating ues 4. F uel` (gas) is supplied to the same iue ends through the ipes 19 located at the righthand end ofP the oven. products pass through the flues 4 always in the same direction, from right to left, and are conveyed away, always in the same direction, through the oE-gas channels 9 located at the left-hand end of the oven. Thus the combustio'ngases will travel constantly in opposite directions through the heating lues 3 and 4 respectively. In View of the fact that the flues 4, like the iues 3, are contracted toward their outlets, a practically uniform heating effect will be obtained throughout the length of 1nthe iiues 4, at all points thereof. y

The alternate arrangement of heating iiues 3, 4 tapering or contracted in opposite directions results in placing the wide end of a flue of one set (3 or 4), in the space or gap between the narrow ends of two successive or adjoining flues of the other set (4 or 3 respectively). A practically uniform heating effect is thus insured n that one chamber l or the other.

As has been stated above, the stepwise contraction or reduction of the heating Hues shown in the drawings (the height only being reduced, Fig. l, while the width of the lues is the same from end to end, Fig. 2) is but one example of the general idea of having the fiues reduced in cross-sectional This principle may be carried out in other ways, as by employing a continuous gradual or uniform contraction or taper. This modification and others may be made without departing from the nature of my invention as set forth in the appended claims.

The combustion I claim:

1. A chamber oven having upright chambers and longitudinal heat-ing flues through which the combustion lfrases always travel in the same direction, said flues being superposed and contracted alternately in opposite directions, means for supplying air and fuel at the wide ends ofthe heating ilues,'and

'means for conveying the `oE-gases .away

from the narrow ends of said fiues.

2. A chamber oven having upright chambers and longitudinal heating flues through which the combustion gases always travel in the same direction, said flues being super-l posed and arranged in two sets, the llues of one set alternating with those of the other set and being all contracted in the same direction, but in the opposite direction to the iiues of the other set, air-distributing chan- "nels each connected with the wide ends of the iues of-one set means for sup lying fuel to said wide ends. and separate o -gas channels each connected with the narrow ends of the fines of the respective set.

3. A chamber oven having chambers and y parallel heating lues contracted alternately in opposite directions.

4. A chamber oven having chambers and heating fines arranged in two sets the lues of which are contracted\\respectively in opposite directions, the `lines-.of one set alterhating with those of the other set, and the wide end of a Hue of one set being placed between the narrow ends of two successive or adjoining tlues of the other set.

5. A chamber oven having chambers and heating lilies arranged in two sets the lues of which are contracted respectively in op# posite directions, the flues of oneset alter natin with those of the other set, the wide end o a flue of one set being placed between the narrow ends of two successive or adjoining fues of the other set, separate airi distributing channels each connected with the wide ends of the fluesof one set, means for supplying fuel. to said wide ends, and separate off-gas channels each connected with the narrow endsof thefiues of the resportive set.

6; A chamber v,oven having chambers and heating flues contracted stepwise andhaving portions of different cross-sectiona`l area lo- 'catcd iu longitudinal allnement.

ln testimony whereof, I have signed this specification in the scrxbingwitnesses.

ARTHUR GOHMANN.

`Witnesses l WALTER LANGE, EMIL SCHMIDT.

presence of two sub- 

